What are the four basic principles of Object-Oriented Programming?

The four basic principles of Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) are encapsulation, abstraction, inheritance, and polymorphism.

Encapsulation refers to the bundling of data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit, typically a class. This principle helps to restrict direct access to some of the object's components, which is a means of preventing unintended interference and misuse of the methods and data.

Abstraction is the concept of hiding the complex reality while exposing only the necessary parts. In OOP, this means creating a simple model that represents complex systems or functions, allowing developers to work with abstract "interfaces" rather than concrete implementations.

Inheritance allows a new class to inherit properties and behaviors from an existing class. This promotes code reusability and establishes a hierarchical relationship between classes.

Polymorphism is the ability of different objects to be accessed through the same interface, allowing for functionality to be implemented in multiple forms. It enables methods to perform different tasks based on the object that invokes them, even if those methods share the same name.

This combination of principles forms the foundation of OOP, allowing for a modular, efficient, and organized approach to programming. None of the other options correctly represent the four fundamental principles used in OOP, as