What are the four pillars of object-oriented programming?

The four pillars of object-oriented programming are abstraction, polymorphism, encapsulation, and inheritance, which are essential concepts that help in organizing code and promoting reusability.

Abstraction allows developers to focus on the essential characteristics of an object while ignoring the unnecessary details, enabling a clear separation between the interface of an object and its implementation. This helps in managing complexity in software development.

Polymorphism provides the ability for different classes to be treated as instances of the same class through a common interface, allowing for flexibility and the capability to define methods that can take on multiple forms. This means functions can operate on objects of different classes as long as they implement a particular method, fostering code that is easier to extend and maintain.

Encapsulation is the practice of bundling the data and methods that operate on that data within a single unit or class. This encapsulation allows for restricting access to some of an object's components, which can prevent unintended interference and misuse of the object's data.

Inheritance enables a new class to inherit properties and behaviors (methods) from an existing class, promoting code reuse and establishing a hierarchical relationship between classes. This facilitates a more intuitive organization of code and reduces redundancy.

These four pillars work together to create a robust framework for building and maintaining software