When is the finalize() method called in Java?

The finalize() method in Java is called just before the garbage collector reclaims memory for an object. This method is part of the Object class and can be overridden by a subclass to provide specific cleanup actions for the object before it becomes eligible for garbage collection. The garbage collector automatically triggers this method when it determines that there are no more references to the object, signaling that the object is about to be removed from memory.

Calling finalize() allows developers to release resources or perform other cleanup activities, such as closing file handlers or network connections, ensuring that the program manages its resources effectively. This method plays a critical role in the memory management and resource lifecycle in Java, although its use is generally discouraged in modern programming practices, as explicit resource management is often preferred to ensure better predictability and performance.